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Patent Granted Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae. The genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae).[1] The Greek prefix myco means fungus, alluding to the way mycobacteria have been observed to grow in a mold-like fashion on the surface of liquids when cultured.