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Patent Granted Alternatives to the above closed-channel continuous-flow systems include novel open structures, where discrete, independently controllable droplets are manipulated on a substrate using electrowetting. Following the analogy of digital microelectronics, this approach is referred to as digital microfluidics. Le Pesant et al. pioneered the use of electrocapillary forces to move droplets on a digital track.[21] The "fluid transistor" pioneered by Cytonix[22] also played a role. The technology was subsequently commercialized by Duke University.
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