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Patent Pending A carboxylic acid /ˌkɑrbɒkˈsɪlɪk/ is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(O)OH).[1] The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-C(O)OH with R referring to the rest of the (possibly quite large) molecule. Carboxylic acids occur widely, and include the amino acids and acetic acid (active ingredient in vinegar).