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Patent Granted Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gram negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis. The bacterium is called coccus, because it is round and diplococcus because it often joins to form pairs. It is part of the normal nonpathogenic human flora in the nasopharynx in about 10% of adults.