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Patent Pending In molecular biology, the five-prime cap (5′ cap) is a specially altered nucleotide on the 5′ end of some eukaryotic primary transcripts such as precursor messenger RNA. This process, known as mRNA capping, is highly regulated and vital in the creation of stable and mature messenger RNA able to undergo translation during protein synthesis. Mitochondrial[1] and chloroplast mRNA[2] are not capped.