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Patent Granted In probability theory and statistics, Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule) describes the probability of an event, based on conditions that might be related to the event. For example, suppose one is interested in whether Addison has cancer. Furthermore, suppose that Addison is age 65. If cancer is related to age, information about Addison's age can be used to more accurately assess his or her chance of having cancer using Bayes' Theorem.