Ciclosporin (INN/BAN) (pronounced /ˌsaɪkləˈspɔrɪn/);[1] cyclosporine (USAN); cyclosporin (former BAN); or ciclosporin A,[citation needed] cyclosporine A, or cyclosporin A (often shortened to CsA) i...
An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects.[1] They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, indust...
B. thuringiensis was first discovered in 1901 by Japanese biologist Ishiwata Shigetane.[3] In 1911, B. thuringiensis was rediscovered in Germany by Ernst Berliner, who isolated it as the cause of a...
Enzyme assays are laboratory methods for measuring enzymatic activity. They are vital for the study of enzyme kinetics and enzyme inhibition.
Polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins (PGIPs), also known as polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins, are plant proteins capable of inhibiting the action of polygalacturonase (PG) enzymes produced by ...
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections.[1] Like antibiotics for bacteria, specific antivirals are used for specific viruses. Unlike most antibioti...
Alcoholic fermentation, also referred to as ethanol fermentation, is a biological process in which elements such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose are converted into cellular energy and thereby pro...
Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously also known as Uredinales). An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7000 species, more than half of wh...
Baculovirus, a rod-shaped virus which infect insect cells, is used as the expression vector in this system. Insect cell lines derived from Lepidopterans (moths and butterflies), such as Spodoptera ...
Regulating microorganism growth/differentiation
Morphogenesis (from the Greek morphê shape and genesis creation, literally, "beginning of the shape") is the biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape. It is one of three fund...
Luciferase is a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes used in bioluminescence and is distinct from a photoprotein. The name is derived from Lucifer, the root of which means 'light-bearer'...
Piperidinediones are a derivatives of piperidine with two ketone functional groups. There are six isomers, each of which has a molecular weight of 113.115 and a formula of C5H7NO2. Piperidinediones...
Antimicrobial peptides (also called host defense peptides) are part of the innate immune response and are found among all classes of life. Fundamental differences exist between prokaryotic and euka...
Nucleosides are glycosylamines that can be thought of as nucleotides without a phosphate group. A nucleoside consists simply of a nucleobase (also termed a nitrogenous base) and a 5-carbon sugar (e...
Animal feed is food given to domestic animals in the course of animal husbandry. There are two basic types, fodder and forage. Used alone, the word "feed" more often refers to fodder.
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial i...
Epithelial growth factor
Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine or UDP-GlcNAc is a nucleotide sugar and a coenzyme in metabolism. It is used by glycosyltransferases to transfer N-acetylglucosamine residues to substrates. ...
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),[1][2] a condition in humans in which progressive failure...
