The lead–acid battery was invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté and is the oldest type of rechargeable battery. Despite having a very low energy-to-weight ratio and a low energy-to-vol...
Wafer testing is a step performed during semiconductor device fabrication. During this step, performed before a wafer is sent to die preparation, all individual integrated circuits that are present...
A sensor is a device that detects events or changes in quantities and provides a corresponding output, generally as an electrical or optical signal; for example, a thermocouple converts temperature...
Catalytic hollow spheres
The carbon dioxide laser (CO2 laser) was one of the earliest gas lasers to be developed (invented by Kumar Patel of Bell Labs in 1964[1]), and is still one of the most useful. Carbon dioxide lasers...
In computer science, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are forms of computer architecture inspired by biological neural networks (the central nervous systems of animals, in particular the brain) an...
Semiconductor diode lasers
Polyacrolein microspheres
Microshells of refractory materials
A battery charger or recharger[1][2] is a device used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery by forcing an electric current through it. The charging protocol depends on the ...
Bipolar battery plate
A syringe driver or syringe pump is a small infusion pump (some include infuse and withdraw capability), used to gradually administer small amounts of fluid (with or without medication) to a patien...
Diagnostic/therapeutic agent loaded platelet
Dielectric particle injector
Optical pattern recognizer
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (/ɨˈlaɪzə/, /ˌiːˈlaɪzə/) is a test that uses antibodies and color change to identify a substance. ELISA is a popular format of "wet-lab" type analyt...
Given a received codeword x \in \mathbb{F}_2^n maximum likelihood decoding picks a codeword y \in C to maximize: \mathbb{P}(x \mbox{ received} \mid y \mbox{ sent}) i.e. choose the codeword y th...
In polymer chemistry, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is a form of chain-growth polymerization, in which the terminal end of a polymer chain acts as a reactive center where further cyclic monomer...
Magnetic particles
Laser pumping is the act of energy transfer from an external source into the gain medium of a laser. The energy is absorbed in the medium, producing excited states in its atoms. When the number of ...
