Oligonucleotides are short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that have a wide range of applications in genetic testing, research, and forensics. Commonly made in the laboratory by solid-phase c...
Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, technologies, and systems for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effect. It may...
Cell sorting is the ability to separate cells according to their properties. These properties can be described as intracellular (inside the cell) or extracellular (outside the cell). Intracellular ...
The lignans are a group of chemical compounds found in plants. Plant lignans are polyphenolic substances derived from phenylalanine via dimerization of substituted cinnamic alcohols (see cinnamic a...
Muscle atrophy is defined as a decrease in the mass of the muscle; it can be a partial or complete wasting away of muscle. When a muscle atrophies, this leads to muscle weakness, since the ability ...
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small virus which infects humans and some other primate species. AAV is not currently known to cause disease and consequently the virus causes a very mild immune r...
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a genetic defect in the SMN1 gene, which encodes SMN, a protein widely expressed in all eukaryotic cells. SMN1 is apparentl...
A protein synthesis inhibitor is a substance that stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins.
A protein kinase is a kinase enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation). Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the targe...
A neuron, also known as a neurone or nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. These signals between neurons oc...
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which progressive failure of th...
Drug design, sometimes referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target. The drug is ...
In the context of biochemistry, an oligomer is usually referred to as a macromolecular complex formed by non-covalent bonding of a few macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids. In this sense, ...
The pancreas is a glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans it is located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. It is an endocrine gland producing...
Properdin or Factor P is the only known positive regulator of complement activation that stabilizes the alternative pathway convertases. It is found in the blood serum of more complex animals.
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as rib...
A bacteriophage (informally, phage /ˈfeɪdʒ/) is a virus that infects and replicates within a bacterium. The term is derived from 'bacteria' and the Greek φαγεῖν phagein "to devour". Bacteriophages ...
Tumor necrosis factors (or the TNF family) refer to a group of cytokines that can cause cell death (apoptosis). The first two members of the family to be identified were: Tumor necrosis factor (TN...
An autoantibody is an antibody (a type of protein) by the immune system that is directed against one or more of the individual's own proteins. Many autoimmune diseases, notably lupus erythematosus,...
