Lung diseases
Oxidative metabolism
Viral vectors are tools commonly used by molecular biologists to deliver genetic material into cells. This process can be performed inside a living organism (in vivo) or in cell culture (in vitro)....
Lentiviruses are a subclass of Retroviruses. They have recently been adapted as gene delivery vehicles (vectors) thanks to their ability to integrate into the genome of non-dividing cells, which is...
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).[1][2] AIDS is a condition in humans in whi...
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small virus that infects humans and some other primate species. AAV is not currently known to cause disease and consequently the virus causes a very mild immune re...
Cullins are a family of hydrophobic proteins providing a scaffold for ubiquitin ligases (E3). All eukaryotes appear to have cullins. They combine with RING proteins to form Cullin-RING ubiquitin li...
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a form of pneumonia, caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii.[1] Pneumocystis pneumonia is not commonly found in the lungs of healthy people, but, ...
Ciclosporin (INN/BAN) (pronounced /ˌsaɪkləˈspɔrɪn/);[1] cyclosporine (USAN); cyclosporin (former BAN); or ciclosporin A,[2] cyclosporine A, or cyclosporin A (often shortened to CsA) is an immunosup...
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or inhibits their growth.[1] Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. For example, a...
Adhesions are fibrous bands[1] that form between tissues and organs, often as a result of injury during surgery. They may be thought of as internal scar tissue that connects tissues not normally co...
There are many types of vertebrate cells that require support for their growth in vitro otherwise they will not grow properly. Such cells are called anchorage-dependent cells. Therefore, a large nu...
Imidazoline receptors are the primary receptors on which clonidine and other imidazolines act. There are three classes of imidazoline receptors:[1] I1 receptor – mediates the sympatho-inhibitor...
Electrochemical detection of multiple target compounds
An antifungal medication is a pharmaceutical fungicide used to treat and prevent mycoses such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal men...
Trans-splicing is a special form of RNA processing in eukaryotes where exons from two different primary RNA transcripts are joined end to end and ligated. Whereas "normal" (cis-)splicing process...
Aggregation begins minutes after activation, and occurs as a result of turning on the GPIIb/IIIa receptor, which allows these receptors to bind with vWF or fibrinogen.[34] There are 50–100 of these...
Phosphodiesterase 4D2
