The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).[1][2] AIDS is a condition in humans in whi...
p21Cip1 (alternatively p21Waf1), also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 or CDK-interacting protein 1, is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that inhibits the complexes of CDK2 and CDK1....
A CDK (Cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor is a chemical that inhibits the function of CDKs. It is used to treat cancers by preventing overproliferation of cancer cells. Although there is no approve...
P-glycoprotein 1 (permeability glycoprotein, abbreviated as P-gp or Pgp) also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) or ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) or cluster of diff...
Resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in chemotherapeutic drugs. There are a few possible causes of resistance in cancer, one of which is the presence of small pumps on the surface of ca...
Composite pavements combine a portland cement concrete sublayer with an asphalt. They are usually used to rehabilitate existing roadways rather than in new construction. Asphalt overlays are som...
Gene identification
Cerebral circulation is the movement of blood through the network of blood vessels supplying the brain. The arteries deliver oxygenated blood, glucose and other nutrients to the brain and the veins...
An electric battery is a device consisting of two or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode, and a...
The T cell receptor or TCR is a molecule found on the surface of T lymphocytes (or T cells)[1] that is responsible for recognizing antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules...
Xanthophylls from corns
Determining material concentrations in tissues
A micelle (/maɪˈsɛl/) or micella (/maɪˈsɛlə/) (plural micelles or micellae, respectively) is an aggregate of surfactant molecules dispersed in a liquid colloid. A typical micelle in aqueous solutio...
Inflammatory abnormalities are a large group of disorders that underlie a vast variety of human diseases. The immune system is often involved with inflammatory disorders, demonstrated in both aller...
A DC-to-DC converter is an electronic circuit which converts a source of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. It is a class of power converter.
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, nor...
Stimulated emission is the process by which an incoming photon of a specific frequency can interact with an excited atomic electron (or other excited molecular state), causing it to drop to a lower...
Antibiotics or antibacterials are a type of antimicrobial used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infection.[1][2] They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. Several antibiot...
