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特許 権利維持 The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematological (blood-related) medical conditions with ineffective production (or dysplasia) of the myeloid class of blood cells. Patients with MDS can develop severe anemia and require blood transfusions. In some cases, the disease worsens and the patient develops cytopenias (low blood counts) caused by progressive bone marrow failure.