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特許 権利維持 Therapeutically, electromotive drug administration (EMDA) delivers a medicine or other chemical through the skin.[3] In a manner of speaking, it is an injection without a needle, and may be described as non-invasive. It is different from dermal patches, which do not rely on an electric field. It drives a charged substance, usually a medication or bioactive agent, transdermally by repulsive electromotive force, through the skin.