In immunology, an antigen (Ag), or antibody generator, is any substance which provokes an adaptive immune response. An antigen is often foreign or toxic to the body (for example, a bacterium) which...
A polymer (poly-, "many" + -mer, "parts") is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits. Because of their broad range of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers ...
In the immune system, phagocytosis is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris. For example, when a macrophage ingests a pathogenic microorganism, the pathogen becomes trapped in ...
Breast cancer is when cancer develops from breast tissue.[1] Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, o...
Gene therapy is the use of DNA as a drug to treat disease by delivering therapeutic DNA into a patient's cells. The most common form of gene therapy involves using DNA that encodes a functional, th...
An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays foreign antigens complexed with major histocompatibility complexes (MHC's) on their surfaces; this process is known as ant...
In biochemistry, an effector molecule is usually a small molecule that selectively binds to a protein and regulates its biological activity. In this manner, effector molecules act as ligands that c...
Plant genes
(+)-Discodermolide is a polyketide natural product found to stabilize microtubule. (+)-discodermolide was isolated by Gunasekera and his co-workers at the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute from...
Intervertebral discs (or intervertebral fibrocartilage) lie between adjacent vertebrae in the spine. Each disc forms a fibrocartilaginous joint to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, and acts a...
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) (EC 1.14.13.97), is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine. Its purpose is to oxidize small foreign organic molecul...
Intravascular coagulation
Cardiac ischemia may be asymptomatic or may cause chest pain, known as angina pectoris. It occurs when the heart muscle, or myocardium, receives insufficient blood flow. This most frequently result...
Mechanically elongated neuronal cells
A tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), or death receptor, is a trimeric[2] cytokine receptor that binds tumor necrosis factors (TNF). The receptor cooperates with an adaptor protein (such as TRAD...
Bacterial growth is the Asexual reproduction/division of one piece of bacteria into two daughter cells in a process called binary fission. Providing no mutational event occurs the resulting daughte...
Vpr is a Human immunodeficieny viral gene and protein product.[1][2] Vpr stands for "Viral Protein R". Vpr, a 96 amino acid 14-kDa protein, plays an important role in regulating nuclear import o...
Viral infectivity factor, or Vif, is a protein found in HIV and other retroviruses. Its role is to disrupt the antiviral activity of the human enzyme APOBEC (See also APOBEC3G) by targeting it for ...
AAV rescue from cellular DNA
