If I own a patent, do I have the right to exploit the invention?

First, I've seen many people think they got a patent when all they'd done was file or provisional or while their utility was under examination.

Second, "universal" is a broad word. No, you can only practice the patent with protection (subject to constraints stated below) in the jurisdictions in which you've been issued a patent. Often, that's just the US. If you file under the PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty), you can apply for patents simultaneously in over 100 countries, but in general, each country does a separate examination. It's complicated. Bottom line is a US Patent doesn't give you anything in Canada, let alone Europe, Asia or anywhere else.

Third, "universal" seems to suggest you can do anything. You can't. Your patent, if issued, is different from other patents. They are protected IP, too. So if you wish to include any art described in other patents, then you need to negotiate a license to be able to use that IP. Otherwise, it's you who is infringing.