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Patent Granted Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is the most common abnormal heart rhythm. It may cause no symptoms, but is often associated with palpitations, fainting, chest pain, or congestive heart failure. AF may occur in episodes lasting from minutes to days (paroxysmal AF) or may be permanent in nature. AF can result in a reduction of cardiac output or formation of blood clots in the heart.[1][2][3] The risk of stroke is increased fivefold in individuals with AF.