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Patent Pending Microneedles, formulation systems, and implantable systems are bio-MEMS applicable to drug delivery.[56] Microneedles of approximately 100μm can penetrate the skin barrier and deliver drugs to the underlying cells and interstitial fluid with reduced tissue damage, reduced pain, and no bleeding.[3][56] Microneedles can also be integrated with microfluidics for automated drug loading or multiplexing.