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Patent Granted In the field of cell biology, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), is a protein functioning as a ligand that induces the process of cell death called apoptosis.[1][2] TRAIL is a cytokine that is produced and secreted by most normal tissue cells. It causes apoptosis primarily in tumor cells,[3] by binding to certain death receptors. It has been used as a target of several anti-cancer therapeutics since the mid-1990s. These however have not shown significant survival benefit.