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Patent Pending Cells are often implanted or 'seeded' into an artificial structure capable of supporting three-dimensional tissue formation. These structures, typically called scaffolds, are often critical, both ex vivo as well as in vivo, to recapitulating the in vivo milieu and allowing cells to influence their own microenvironments. Scaffolds usually serve at least one of the following purposes: Allow cell attachment and migration Deliver and retain cells and biochemical factors Enable diffusion of vital cell nutrients and expressed products Exert certain mechanical and biological influences to modify the behaviour of the cell phase